活性炭纤维负载TiO2光催化降解甲醛的影响因素

利用自制光催化气体反应器体系,以活性炭纤维负载TiO2作催化剂,在紫外光照射下模拟降解室内污染气体甲醛,测试了活性炭纤维负载TiO2催化剂的催化活性,探讨了紫外光光强、催化剂的酸度、反应器内湿度及反应时间等控制反应的主要因素对甲醛降解率的影响。结果表明,活性炭纤维与TiO2的协同作用大大提高了对甲醛的降解效果;紫外光强增倍对甲醛降解率有一定提高,但提高幅度仅为11.71%;活性炭纤维用pH=5的TiO2溶胶浸泡做催化剂对甲醛的降解效果最好,60 min内降解率达到68.37%;反应器内的湿度为81%甲醛降解率最高,反应60 min后达82.2%;随着反应时间的延长,甲醛降解率的上升幅度不断减小,最高只能达到94.59%。     

粉煤灰制备混凝剂及其砸黄河水的处理效果

以粉煤灰和铁泥为原料、加入一定量NaCl作助溶剂室温下制备粉煤灰混凝剂，考察酸灰比与酸浓度对Fe3＋、Al“溶出率及混凝剂对黄河水处理效果的影响。结果表明，Fe3＋、A13＋的最佳溶出条件为酸灰比3mL／g、HCl浓度4mol／L，此时Fe“溶出率为28．1％，浓度为11．81g／L；A13＋溶出率为5．2％，浓度为1．86g／L。粉煤灰混凝剂对黄河水的处理效果在投加量2．38mL／L、沉降时间30min、pH6．2～7．5时最佳，对浊度、ss和COD。。平均去除率分别为89．7％、83．6％和62．3％，优于传统市售混凝剂PAC和Fc，Fe3＋、AI3＋同时存在有利于各自优势的发挥从而提高混凝效果。     

污水生物生态处理工艺中的脱氮机理研究

通过水解池-美人蕉湿地、水解/接触氧化池-菖蒲湿地现场实验装置考察了生物-生态工艺深度净化分散生活污水的效果。结果表明,水解池-美人蕉湿地尽管湿地停留时间达到7 d，出水NH⁺₄-N仍难以达到一级A（GB18918-2002）标准；而增加接触氧化池后，湿地停留时间仅2 d，组合工艺出水水质远优于一级A出水要求。美人蕉湿地脱氮的主要途径是湿地微生物的硝化/反硝化，植物吸收约占28%。对经接触氧化处理，NH⁺₄-N、NO^-₃-N浓度均较高的进水，菖蒲湿地可在C/N小于2时高效脱氮。菖蒲湿地对TN的去除占组合工艺TN去除量的79%，其中植物吸收仅占湿地除氮总量的8%。湿地介质的厌氧氨氧化活性试验表明，菖蒲湿地介质表面的微生物在无有机碳源存在的条件下，可使培养液中的NH⁺₄-N与NO^-₃-N、NO^-₂-N短期内发生同步脱氮，厌氧氨氧化可能是菖蒲湿地在进水低碳源条件下脱氮的主要原因。     

CuO/CSAC催化剂的制备及酸性大红GR废水的处理

以椰壳活性炭(CSAC)为载体负载CuO制备了CuO/CSAC催化剂。采用正交实验优化了CuO/CSAC催化剂的制备工艺条件,采用单因素实验和响应面实验优化了CuO/CSAC催化剂处理模拟酸性大红GR废水的工艺参数。结果表明:在CSAC加入量5 g、煅烧时间2.5 h、煅烧温度300 ℃、0.5 mol/L的硝酸铜溶液用量15 mL的最佳工艺条件下,CuO/CSAC催化剂微孔结构丰富,CuO特征峰明显;CuO/CSAC催化剂处理酸性大红GR废水的最佳工艺参数为pH 5.0,曝气时间4.10 h,催化剂加入量0.57 g,可将100 mL初始COD 962 mg/L、初始色度32 700倍的废水分别处理至残余COD 41.5 mg/L,残余色度28.4倍。建立了以残余COD和残余色度为响应值的工艺模型,计算值与实验值的相对误差均在±10%以内。     

白马雪山国家级自然保护区与周边社区冲突分析

针对白马雪山国家级自然保护区与周边社区村民在环保观念、管理模式、资源利用以及补偿措施等方面的矛盾冲突，对其产生的原因进行了分析，并从社区经济发展、社区村民传统生活习惯约束、社区管理机构完善和少数民族传统文化有效利用等方面提出了主要的缓解冲突的措施和方法。     

高校火灾大学生疏散行为及心理特征分析

为了解高校突发火灾时人员疏散行为及心理,在参照其他人员密集场所应急疏散调查问卷的基础上,设计大学生疏散行为及心理特征调查问卷,并进行网络问卷调查。采用皮尔森卡方检验对应急个体特性、应急意识、应急经验、应急疏散条件与应急疏散心理及行为反应进行相关性分析,获取11组存在显著相关变量组。结果表明:男生在突发火灾时更冷静、自主,更愿意帮助他人;应急疏散心理及行为与消防安全关注程度、应急疏散设施及环境呈明显的正相关。因此可通过加强宣传教育、开展专业的消防教育及演练、完善疏散引导设施、增强安全出口的导向性等提高学生的应急疏散能力。     

Water quality characteristics and assessment of Yongding New River by improved comprehensive water quality identification index based on game theory

The Yongding New River is essential for the water supplies of Tianjin. To date, there is no comprehensive report that assesses the year-round water quality of the Yongding New River Main stream. Moreover, little attention has been given to determining a combined weight for improving the traditional comprehensive water quality identification index (ICWQII) by the game theory. Seven water quality parameters were investigated monthly along the main stream of the Yongding New River from May 2018 to April 2019. Organic contaminants and nitrogen pollution were mainly caused by point sources pollution, and the total phosphorus mainly by non-point source pollution. Dramatic spatio-temporal variations of water quality parameters were jointly caused by different pollutant sources and hydrometeorological factors. In terms of this study, an improved comprehensive water quality identification index (ICWQII) based on entropy weight or variation coefficient and traditional CWQII underestimated the water qualities, and an ICWQII based on the superstandard multiple method overvalued the assessments. By contrast, water qualities assessments done with an ICWQII based on the game theory matched perfectly with the practical situation. The ICWQII based on game theory proposed in this study takes into account not only the degree of disorder and variation of water quality data, but also the influence of standard-exceeded pollution indicators, whose results are relatively reasonable. All findings and the ICWQII based on game theory can provide scientific support for decisions related to the water environment management of the Yongding New River and other waters.     

Arsenic contamination in groundwater and its possible sources in Hanam, Vietnam

This study investigated the arsenic (As) level in groundwater, and the characteristics of aquifer sediment as related to the occurrence of As in groundwater in Hanam, Vietnam. The deposition and transport of As-containing substances through rivers were also examined. Arsenic concentrations in 88% of the groundwater samples exceeded the As limit for drinking water based on the WHO standards. The dominating form of arsenic was As(III). The maximum total As content in bore core sediment was found in a peat horizon of the profiles and generally, elevated levels of As were also found in other organic matter-rich horizons. Total As contents of the bore core sediments were significantly correlated with crystalline iron oxide, silt and clay contents, suggesting that As in aquifer sediment was mainly associated with iron (hydr)oxides and clay mineral. In the groundwater, As concentration showed significant correlations with the total concentrations of Fe and HCO (3)(-). Significant correlations between HCl-extractable As and non-crystalline Fe oxide, total C, N, and S were also observed in the profiles. The results support the hypothesis that under favorable reductive conditions established by the degradation of organic matter, the dissolution of iron (hydr)oxides releases adsorbed As into the groundwater. The deposition of As in the sediments from the Red River were significantly higher than that in the Chau Giang River, suggesting that the Red River is the main source of As-containing substances deposited in the study area.     

两段式还原工艺处理铬渣的生产性研究

利用焦亚硫酸钠和硫酸亚铁将铬渣中的六价铬进行两次溶出和两次还原,解毒后铬渣中总铬含量≤1.5 mg/L,六价铬含量≤0.5mg/L,远远低于HJ/T 301—2007《铬渣污染治理环境保护技术规范(暂行)》铬渣以一般工业固废进行固化填埋标准浓度值。该工艺技术解毒彻底,无返铬现象,过程简单,处理成本低,可实现规模化生产,具有广阔的推广应用前景,对周边环境的保护意义重大。     

翁牛特旗矿山开采环境现状及对策

本文阐述了翁牛特旗矿山开采现状,指出了矿山开采现状所面临的形势,并提出了矿山开采治理的思路与对策。